Essential medicines
Definition: Essential medicines are those that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population.
Selection criteria: Essential medicines are selected with due regard to disease prevalence, evidence on efficacy and safety, and comparative cost-effectiveness.
Purpose: Essential medicines are intended to be available within the context of functioning health systems at all times in adequate amounts, in the appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality. Evidently, the word "Essential" does not purport to convey other drugs available in the market are non-essential.
Selection criteria: Essential medicines are selected with due regard to disease prevalence, evidence on efficacy and safety, and comparative cost-effectiveness.
Purpose: Essential medicines are intended to be available within the context of functioning health systems at all times in adequate amounts, in the appropriate dosage forms, with assured quality. Evidently, the word "Essential" does not purport to convey other drugs available in the market are non-essential.
The essential medicine list implies that the drugs included in it are adequate to meet the common contemporary health needs of the general population of the country and general obligation of health administrators to ensure abundant availability of such drugs in the country. The drugs included in the list are generally safe and effective, and approved by the Drugs Controller General, India, and are currently available at affordable prices to the general public. (REPORT ON ESSENTIAL MEDICINES, GOVT.OF INDIA, 2003).
Government of India has revised it's list of essential medicines in 2003 and the same is applicable till date. World Health Organization also addresses to the issue of essential medicines and publishes it,s report regularly.
It has updated it’s list in 2007. Most of the medicines forms the part of both the lists but there are medicines which are present in either of the lists ( table as below) .
| MEDICINES INCLUDED IN W.H.O. LIST ONLY | MEDICINES INCLUDED BOTH IN G.O.I. AND W.H.O. LISTS | MEDICINES INCLUDED IN G.O.I. LIST ONLY |
| Abacavir | Acetazolamide | Acenocoumarol |
| Acetylcysteine | Acetyl Salicylic Acid | Acriflavin+Glycerin |
| Alcuronium | Actinomycin D | Adenosine |
| Almunium diacetatexd | Activated Charcoal | Albumin |
| Amiloride | Acyclovir | Alpha Interferon |
| p-Aminosalicylic acid | Adrenaline Bitartrate | Alprazolam |
| Amodiaquine | Albendazole | Aluminium Hydroxide + Magnesium Hydroxide |
| Amoxicillin+Clavulanic acid | Allopurinol | Aminophylline |
| Artemether | Amikacin | Amiodarone |
| Artemether+Lumefantrine | Amitriptyline | Atracurium Besylate |
| Benzoyl peroxide | Amlodipine | Benzoin Compound |
| Biperiden | Amoxicillin | Betaxolol Hydrochloride |
| Caffeine | Amphotericin B | Bisacodyl |
| Capreomycin | Ampicillin | Bleaching Powder |
| Cefazolin | Antisnake Venom | Bleomycin |
| Cefixime | Anti-D Immunoglobulin (Human) | Bretylium Tosylate |
| Chlorambucil | Antitetanus Human Immunoglobin | Bromocriptine Mesylate |
| Chloroxylenol | Artesunate | Busulphan |
| Cholera vaccine | Ascorbic Acid | Carbimazole |
| Clindamycin | Atenolol | Cefotaxime |
| Clotrimazole | Atropine Sulphate | Cefuroxime |
| Cycloserine | Azathioprine | Centchroman |
| Dacarbazine | Azithromycin | Cephalexin |
| Daunorubicin | B.C.G Vaccine | Cetrimide |
| Efavirenz+emtricitabine+ | Barium Sulphate | Chlorthalidone |
| Emtricitabine | Beclomethasone Dipropionate | Clarithromycin |
| Emtricitabine+tenofovir | Benzathine Benzylpenicillin | Danazol |
| Ephedrine | Benzoic Acid + Salicylic Acid | Dextran-40 |
| Ergometrine | Benzyl Benzoate | Dextromethorphan |
| Estradiol cypionate | Benzylpenicillin6 | Diclofenac |
| Ethionamide | Betamethasone Dipropionate | Dicyclomine Hydrochloride |
| Ethosuximide | Bupivacaine Hydrochloride | Didanosine |
| Ferrous salt+folic acid | Calamine | Dihydroergotamine |
| Fluphenazine | Calcium Gluconate | Diltiazem |
| Haemophilus influenzae (b) vaccine | Calcium Ipodate | Dobutamine |
| Hepatitis A vaccine | Calcium salts | Domperidone |
| Hydralazine | Carbamazepine | Doxapram |
| Hydrocortisone | Ceftazidime | Esmolol |
| Hydroxycobalamin | Ceftriaxone | Ether, Anaesthetic |
| Imipenem+ Cilastatin | Chloramphenicol | Ethyl Chloride |
| Immnunoglobulin ( human, normal} | Chlorhexidine | Flumazenil |
| Influenza vaccine | Chloroquine Phosphate | Flutamide |
| Iratropium bromide | Chlorpheniramine Maleate | Folic Acid |
| Isoniazid+ Ethambutol | Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride | Folinic Acid |
| Isoniazid + Rifampicin | Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride | Formaldehyde IP |
| Isoniazid +Rifampicin +Pyrazinamide | Cisplatin | Framycetin Sulphate |
| Isoniazid + Rifampicin +Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol | Clofazimine | Fresh Frozen Plasma |
| Isosorbide dinitrate | Clomiphene Citrate | Furazolidone |
| Ivermectin | Clomipramine Hydrochloride | Gamma Benzene Hexachloride |
| Kanamycin | Clonidine Hydrochloride | Gemcitabine Hydrochloride |
| Levamisol | Clotrimazole | Glucagon |
| Levonorgestrel | Cloxacillin | Glycerin |
| Lopinavir | Coal Tar | Homatropine |
| Lopinavir+ Ritonavir | Codeine Phosphate | Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate |
| Lumefantrine | Colchicine | Hydrogen Peroxide |
| Magnesium hydroxide | Condoms | Hydroxyethyl Starch (Hetastarch) |
| Medoxy progesterone acetate{depot} | Co-Trimoxazole (Trimethoprim + Sulphamethoxazole) | Hyoscine Butyl Bromide |
| Medoxy progesterone acetate + Estradiol cypionate | Cryoprecipitate | Imipramine |
| Mefloquine | Cyanocobalamin | Isoflurane |
| Meglumine antimonite | Cyclophosphamide | Isoprenaline Hydrochloride |
| Melarsoprol | Cyclosporine | Isosorbide 5 Mononitrate/Dinitrate |
| Meningococcal vaccine | Cytosine Arabinoside | Isoxsuprine Hydrochloride |
| Methyldopa | D.P.T Vaccine | Isphaghula |
| Mumps vaccine | Dapsone | Ketoconazole |
| Neomycin | Desferrioxamine Mesylate | Local Anaesthetic, Astringent and |
| Oxamniquine | Dexamethasone | Antiinflammatory Medicines |
| Permethrin | Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate | Loperamide (Contraindicated for paediatric use) |
| Pertussis vaccine | Dextran-70 | Losartan Potassium |
| Paromomycin | Diazepam | Melphalan |
| Phenoxymethyl penicillin | Diethylcarbamazine Citrate | Menadione Sodium Sulphite |
| Pneumococcal vaccine | Digoxin | Methyl Cellulose |
| Podophyllum resin | Diloxanide Furoate | Methyl Ergometrine |
| Potassium iodide | Dimercaprol | Methylprednisolone |
| Proguanil | Diphtheria Antitoxin | Metoprolol |
| Prussian blue | Dithranol | Mexiletine Hydrochloride |
| Reserpine | Dopamine Hydrochloride | Midazolam |
| Rubella vaccine | Doxorubicin | Mitomycin-C |
| Selenium sulfide | Doxycycline | Multivitamins |
| Senna | Efavirenz | N/2 Saline |
| Simvastatin | Enalapril Maleate | N/5 Saline |
| Sodium calcium edentate | Erythromycin Estolate | . Nalidixic Acid |
| Sodium chloride | Ethambutol | Nitrazepam |
| Sodium fluoride | Ethinylestradiol + Levonorgesterol | Norfloxacin |
| Sodium lactate | Ethinylestradiol + Norethisterone | Normal Saline |
| Spectinomycin | Ethinylestradiol | Omeprazole |
| Sulfadoxine | Ethyl Alcohol 70% | Ondansetron |
| Sulfamethoxazole | Etoposide | Paclitaxel |
| Suramin sodium | 5-Fluorouracil | Pancuronium Bromide |
| Tenofir disoproxil fumarate | Factor IX Complex (Coagulation Factors II,VII, IX, X)* | Pentazocine |
| Triclabendazole | Factor VIII Concentrate | Pethidine Hydrochloride |
| Typhoid vaccine | Ferrous Salt | Pheniramine Maleate |
| Urea | Fluconazole | Phenylephrine |
| Varicilla vaccine | Flucytosine | Physostigmine Salicylate |
| Vecuronium | Fluorescein | Polygeline |
| Zidovudine+ lamivudine+ nevirapine | Fluoxetine Hydrochloride | Pralidoxime Chloride (2-PAM) |
| Zinc sulfate | Furosemide | Prochlorperazine |
| Gentamicin | Raloxifene | |
| Gentian Violet | Ranitidine Hydrocholoride | |
| Glibenclamide | Ringer Lactate | |
| Glucose with Sodium Chloride | Roxithromycin | |
| Glucose | Silver Nitrate | |
| Glutaraldehyde | Sodium Stibogluconate | |
| Glyceryl Trinitrate | Sulphacetamide Sodium | |
| Griseofulvin | Terazosin | |
| Haloperidol | Terbutaline Sulphate | |
| Halothane | Theophylline Compounds | |
| Heparin Sodium | Thiacetazone + Isoniazid | |
| Hepatitis B Vaccine | Tinidazole | |
| Hormone Releasing IUD | Trifluoperazine | |
| Hydrochlorothiazide | Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride | |
| Ibuprofen | Urokinase | |
| Indinavir | Xylometazoline | |
| Insulin Injection (Soluble) | Zinc Oxide | |
| Intermediate Acting Insulin (Lente/NPH Insulin) | ||
| Intraperitoneal Dialysis Solution (of approximate composition) | ||
| Iodine | ||
| Iopanoic Acid | ||
| Iron Dextran | ||
| Isoniazid | ||
| IUD containing Copper | ||
| Ketamine Hydrochloride | ||
| L- Asparaginase | ||
| Lamivudine + Zidovudine | ||
| Lamivudine +Nevirapine + Stavudine | ||
| Lamivudine | ||
| Levodopa+ Carbidopa | ||
| Levothyroxine | ||
| Lignocaine Hydrochloride + Adrenaline | ||
| Lignocaine Hydrochloride | ||
| Lignocaine | ||
| Lithium Carbonate | ||
| Magnesium Sulphate | ||
| Mannitol | ||
| Measles Vaccine | ||
| Mebendazole | ||
| Medroxy Progesterone Acetate | ||
| Meglumine Iothalamate | ||
| Meglumine Iotroxate | ||
| Mercaptopurine | ||
| Metformin | ||
| Methotrexate | ||
| Methyldopa | ||
| Methylrosanilinium Chloride (Gentian Violet) | ||
| Methylthioninium Chloride (Methylene blue) | ||
| Metoclopramide | ||
| Metronidazole | ||
| Miconazole | ||
| Mifepristone | ||
| Morphine Sulphate | ||
| Naloxone | ||
| Nelfinavir | ||
| Neomycin + Bacitracin | ||
| Neostigmine | ||
| Nevirapine | ||
| Niclosamide | ||
| Nicotinamide | ||
| Nifedipine | ||
| Nitrofurantoin | ||
| Nitrous Oxide | ||
| Norethisterone | ||
| Nystatin | ||
| Ofloxacin | ||
| Oral Poliomyelitis Vaccine (Live Attenuated) | ||
| Oral Rehydration Salts | ||
| Oxygen | ||
| Oxytocin | ||
| Paracetamol | ||
| Penicillamine | ||
| Pentamidine Isothionate 1 | ||
| Phenobarbitone | ||
| Phenytoin Sodium | ||
| Phytomenadione | ||
| Pilocarpine | ||
| Platelet Rich Plasma | ||
| Potassium Chloride | ||
| Potassium Permanganate | ||
| Povidone Iodine | ||
| Praziquantel | ||
| Prednisolone | ||
| Prednisolone Acetate | ||
| Prednisolone Sodium Phosphate | ||
| Primaquine | ||
| Procainamide Hydrochloride | ||
| Procaine Benzylpenicillin | ||
| Procarbazine | ||
| Promethazine | ||
| Propranolol Hydrochloride | ||
| Propranolol | ||
| Propyliodone | ||
| Protamine Sulphate | ||
| Pyrantel Pamoate | ||
| Pyrazinamide | ||
| Pyridostigmine Bromide | ||
| Pyridoxine | ||
| Pyrimethamine | ||
| Quinidine | ||
| Quinine Sulphate | ||
| Rabies Immunoglobulin | ||
| Rabies Vaccine | ||
| Riboflavin | ||
| Rifampicin | ||
| Ritonavir | ||
| Salbutamol Sulphate | ||
| Salicylic Acid | ||
| Saquinavir | ||
| Silver Sulphadiazine | ||
| Sodium Meglumine Diatrizoate | ||
| Sodium Bicarbonate | ||
| Sodium Iothalamate | ||
| Sodium Nitrite | ||
| Sodium Nitroprusside | ||
| Sodium Thiosulphate | ||
| Sodium Valproate | ||
| Spironolactone | ||
| Stavudine | ||
| Streptokinase | ||
| Streptomycin Sulphate | ||
| Succinyl Choline Chloride | ||
| Sulfadoxine +Pyrimethamine | ||
| Sulfasalazine | ||
| Sulphadiazine7 | ||
| Tamoxifen Citrate | ||
| Testosterone | ||
| Tetanus Toxoid | ||
| Tetracaine Hydrochloride | ||
| Tetracycline Hydrochloride | ||
| Tetracycline | ||
| Thiamine | ||
| Thiopentone Sodium | ||
| Timolol Maleate | ||
| Trimethoprim | ||
| Tropicamide | ||
| Tuberculin, Purified Protein Derivative | ||
| Vancomycin Hydrochloride | ||
| Verapamil | ||
| Vinblastine Sulphate | ||
| Vincristine | ||
| Vitamin A | ||
| Vitamin D3 (Ergocalciferol) | ||
| Warfarin Sodium | ||
| Water for Injection | ||
| Zidovudine |
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